空氣淨化技術發展經（jīng）曆了哪些過程？

In the 1920s, the purification requirements for the production environment were first put forward in the gyroscope manufacturing process of the American aviation industry. A "control assembly area" has been set up in the manufacturing workshop and laboratory to supply a certain amount of filtered air. In the Korean War, the United States found that the main reason for the failure of electronic instruments was the dust, which contributed to the start of air purification technology.

1957年，前蘇聯顆人造衛星的升空，刺激了美國加（jiā）速發展宇航（háng）事（shì）業，製定了阿波羅登月計劃，其電子控製儀器和精密機械加工（gōng）環境均要求淨化，因而促進了淨化（huà）技術的大發展（zhǎn），建造了百級潔淨室（shì），誔生了個潔（jié）淨室標準。

In 1957, the launch of the first Sputnik in the former Soviet Union stimulated the accelerated development of aerospace industry in the United States. The Apollo moon landing program was formulated. The electronic control instruments and precision machining environment required purification, thus promoting the development of purification technology. A hundred level clean room was built, and the first clean room standard was born.

1970年，1K位（wèi）的集成電路開始大規模生產，使淨化技術的發展突飛猛進。20世紀80年（nián）代，大規模和超大規模集成電路的生產，使（shǐ）空氣淨化技術有了進一步的發（fā）展，集成電路的更細光（guāng）刻線寬達到2~3um。在70年代（dài）末和（hé）80年代初，美國（guó）、日本研製（zhì）出0.1um級（jí）空氣過濾器，為潔淨度的提高創造了條件。

In 1970, the large-scale production of 1K bit integrated circuit started, which made the development of purification technology rapidly. In the 1980s, the production of large-scale and super large-scale integrated circuits made the air purification technology further developed, and the thinnest optical linewidth of integrated circuits reached 2-3um. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the United States and Japan developed a 0.1um class high efficiency air filter, which created conditions for the improvement of cleanliness.

In the 1990s, the production of VLSI has made new progress. The narrowest optical linewidth has developed from the micron level in the 1980s to the submicron level. By the end of the 20th century, it is required to reach 0.1-0.2um, and the integration degree is 1km. The higher the integration degree of integrated circuit, the smaller the photolithography linewidth required, the smaller the dust particle size required to be controlled, and the smaller the number of dust particles. Nowadays, it is very common to require 0.1um10 class cleanliness. In the future, the required cleanliness will be higher and the application field of clean room will be wider.

在2001年中國科協學術年會上，楊振寧教授（shòu）指出，在今後三四（sì）十年，三個領（lǐng）域將成為科技發展的“火車（chē）頭”：① 芯片的（de）廣泛應用。 ②醫學與藥物的高速發（fā）展。③ 生物工程。芯（xīn）片需在工業潔淨室中生產（chǎn），藥品需在生物潔淨室中生產，醫學研究、生物工程都離不開生物潔淨室。對於有（yǒu）生（shēng）物學危險的操作（zuò），需要在生物（wù）安全（quán）潔淨（jìng）室中進行（háng）。工（gōng）業潔（jié）淨（jìng）室、生物潔淨室及生物（wù）安（ān）全潔淨室，都是應用空氣淨化技術創造的特殊的（de）微（wēi）環境。

In 2001, Professor Yang Zhenning pointed out that in the next 30 to 40 years, three fields will become the "locomotive" of scientific and Technological Development: ① the wide application of chips. ② The rapid development of medicine and medicine. ③ Bioengineering. Chips need to be produced in the industrial clean room, drugs need to be produced in the biological clean room, medical research and bioengineering are inseparable from the biological clean room. For operations with biological hazards, they need to be carried out in the biosesafety clean room. Industrial clean room, biological clean room and biosesafety clean room are all special micro environments created by air purification technology.

電子產業的飛速發展，將推動中國淨化（huà）技術向高水平（píng）發展，而醫學與藥物的快速發展（zhǎn），必（bì）將使空氣淨（jìng）化技術（shù）的應用更加廣（guǎng）泛。中國在製藥行（háng）業實施GMP（Good Manufacturing Prac-tice）認（rèn）證製度以來，生物潔（jié）淨（jìng）室的興建（jiàn）像雨後春筍，給淨化技術產業帶來的（de）繁榮。近年來，三（sān）級甲等醫院紛紛建造（zào）潔淨手術部，使術後感染率降低10倍以上，從而可以（yǐ）少用或不用抗（kàng）生素，減（jiǎn）輕了抗生素對患者造成的傷害。這也將進一步拓寬淨化技術的應用領域。

The rapid development of electronic industry will promote the development of China's purification technology to a high level, and the rapid development of medicine and medicine will make the application of air purification technology more extensive. Since the implementation of GMP (good manufacturing prac tice) certification system in the pharmaceutical industry in China, the construction of biological cleanrooms has mushroomed, bringing unprecedented prosperity to the purification technology industry. In recent years, the third class A hospitals have built clean operating departments, which can reduce the postoperative infection rate by more than 10 times, so that antibiotics can be used less or not, reducing the harm of antibiotics to patients. This will further expand the application of purification technology.

2003年SARS病素肆虐，使人們對空氣傳播病毒的危險性有了深刻的認識（shí）。更值得反（fǎn）思的就是醫院建築（zhù），不僅要注重建築外形與使用功能（néng），更應該關注建築內的空（kōng）氣品質（zhì）。據了解，人吃進1億個兔熱杆菌才感謝染，若吸入10~50個就發熱。這給隻重視接觸感染而輕視（shì）氣溶膠傳播的呼吸道感染的醫護人員敲響了警鍾。因（yīn）為氣溶膠（jiāo）傳播更具有爆發性、低感染劑量和大（dà）範圍的特點（diǎn），危險性極大（dà）。因此，現代醫院建築應有空氣淨化設備，才能保證醫患人（rén）員的安全。應裝（zhuāng）配空氣淨化係統的醫院建築有：潔淨手術部、生物治療實驗室（shì）、傳染（rǎn）病（bìng）人隔離室、營養液配製（zhì）、製劑、無菌物品供應等。這將給淨化（huà）技術的應用帶來新的機遇。

In 2003, SARS was rampant, which made people have a deep understanding of the risk of air borne virus. The most worthy reflection is the hospital building, which should not only pay attention to the shape and function of the building, but also the air quality in the building. It is understood that people eat 100 million rabbit thermobacilli to thank for infection, if inhaled 10-50, they will get fever. This is a wake-up call for medical staff who only pay attention to exposure to infection and despise aerosol borne respiratory tract infection. Because aerosol transmission is more explosive, low infection dose and large-scale, it is very dangerous. Therefore, modern hospital buildings should have air purification equipment to ensure the safety of doctors and patients. The hospital buildings that should be equipped with air purification system include: clean operation Department, biological treatment laboratory, isolation room for infectious patients, nutrient solution preparation center, preparation center, sterile supplies center, etc. This will bring new opportunities to the application of purification technology.

在21世紀，生物工程對人類的直接影響將超過芯片，而其發展離不（bú）開空氣淨化技術。如生物（wù）工（gōng）程中有（yǒu）相當一部分操作（zuò）存在潛在危險性，特別是存在可能具有未知（zhī）毒性的微生物新種傳播生物學危險。這就需要提（tí）供（gòng）具有生物安全的（de）建築微環境（jìng），可利用空氣淨化技術、生物（wù）安全知識來建造生物安全潔淨室來控製這種具有生物學危險的汙染的傳播（bō）。

In the 21st century, the direct impact of bioengineering on human beings will exceed that of chips, and its development cannot be separated from air purification technology. For example, in bioengineering, there are potential risks in a considerable part of operations, especially in the transmission of new microbial species with unknown toxicity. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a building micro environment with biosesafety. Air purification technology and biosesafety knowledge can be used to build biosesafety clean rooms to control the spread of this biologically dangerous pollution.